Associate Editors
Ferruccio Ceriotti
Davide Giavarina
Bruna Lo Sasso
Giampaolo Merlini
Martina Montagnana
Andrea Mosca
Paola Pezzati
Rossella Tomaiuolo
Matteo Vidali
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Khosrow Adeli Canada
Sergio Bernardini Italy
Marcello Ciaccio Italy
Eleftherios Diamandis Canada
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Kjell Grankvist Sweden
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Giuseppe Lippi Italy
☩Howard Morris Australia
Mario Plebani Italy
Sverre Sandberg Norway
Ana-Maria Simundic Croatia
☩Jill Tate Australia
Tommaso Trenti Italy
Cas Weykamp The Netherlands
Maria Willrich USA
Paul Yip Canada
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Responsible Editor Giuseppe Agosta
Editorial Secretary Arianna Lucini Paioni Biomedia srl Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milano Tel. 0245498282 email: biochimica.clinica@sibioc.it
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BC: Articoli scritti da I. Fornaciari
Forme molecolari della y-glutammiltransferasi: caratteristiche e biogenesi
y-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) fractions: characteristics and biogenesis.
<p>Four GGT fractions (b-, m-, s- and f- GGT) have been described in plasma. The aim of this study was to characterize their molecular nature in human plasma and bile. Plasma was obtained from healthy volunteers and primary bile was collected from patients undergoing liver transplant. For each GGT fraction we determined MW, density, sedimentation conditions in centrifugation assays, and the sensitivity to detergent [deoxycholic acid (DOC)] and protease (papain). A partial purification of b-GGT for immunogold analysis was obtained by ultracentrifugation. Plasma b-GGT showed a MW of 2000 kDa and a density between 1.063-1.210 g/mL. Treatment with 1% DOC converted b-GGT into s-GGT fraction, while b-GGT was not sensible to papain treatment. Plasma m-GGT and s-GGT showed a MW of 1000 and 200 kDa, and their densities were between 1.006-1.063 g/mL and 1.063-1.210 g/mL, respectively. Both fractions were unaffected by DOC treatment, while GGT activity was completely recovered in f-GGT peak after their incubation with papain. Plasma f-GGT showed a MW of 70 kDa and a density >1.21 g/mL. In human hepatic bile we identified two peaks showing the same characteristics of plasma b- and f-GGT fractions. Collected data showed that b-GGT is constituted by membrane microvesicles both in bile and plasma, as confirmed by immunogold; m-GGT and s-GGT might be constituted by bile-acid micelles, while f-GGT represents the free-soluble form of the enzyme. The  understanding of the nature and properties of plasma GGT fractions may allow a better clinical utilization of GGT as a clinical biomarker.</p>
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